Carbureter.



F. L. SESSIONS.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4. I914.

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CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4 I914.

Patented June 26, 1917.

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CARBURETER.

Application filed Fehruary 4,1914. Serial No. 816,523.

To all whom it mag concern:

Be it known that I. F RANK L. SESSIONS,

a citizen of the United States, residing atv 'Lakewood, inthe county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new.

and useful Improvements in Qarbureters, of which the following is a specification.

Some of the ob ects of my invention are to provide a carbureter in which fuels may '10,

be used which are not readily gasified at normal atmospheric temperatures; and to provide a carbureter in which fuelmay be gasi'fied and a proper mixture of air and- ,fllGl del1vered regardless of the tempera- 15- tu-re of the surrounding air.

-'l"o'attain--these ob erts I employ means for heatingthe fuel and air before and after they aremixed, and a new and improved arrangement of .parts which result in marked "economy of fuel,- andthe ready starting of an engmednjcold.weather The'construction of my carbureter is such that the heatmg means may be disconnected,

- without interfering with the operation of the device, in the manner that ordinary carbu'reters may be'operated when usingfuels I thatiare sutliciently volatile to produce an explosive mixture without the use of heating means.

- Further objects-and advantages and the construction of my carbureter will be fully disclosed to one skilled in the art in the accompanyin'g drawings in'which,

inlet valve.

. I Fig. 7 s a diagram of electrical connec- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a carbureter embodying my invention. -F1g.'2- 1s a fragmentary sectlon on the same plane as Fig. 1,shwing the air' inlet valve open; I V

Fig. 3 is a plan view partially in section Fig. -isza sectional view of a modified form' of fuel inlet. having an adjustable orifice, the section 'bingftaken through the axis of the. heater pipe," fuel. pipe, etc.

Fig.1 6 is a planj'of'the detached air'inlet'.

valve. Fig. 6 is tions to the :electric' heating coil of my car bureter.

Fig. 8' is fragmentary section taken through the axis of the heater pipe, fuel pipe and valve'lamina 3, when the projec r drain cook 37.

versely, and grooved circumferentially at 38 an elevation of the detachedair tions 63 are employed to form a constant opening of said lamina.

.. Referring-to the drawings, 1 is the main body or casing of the carbureter shown in Figs. 1 and 2, preferably made of a metal casting. This part comprises the cylindrical tubular portion 2, open at its lower end forming an air inlet and a passage in which is located the air inlet valve 3; the mixing chamber 4; the cover 5 for the; float chamber casting 6; the mixture outlet 7 to the inlet manifold'8 of the engine to which the carbureter is connected; the threaded opening 9 for theheater pipe connection 10; the valve seat 11- for the relief valve 12; the centering support 13 for the heater pipe 14; theair inlet valve stop 15; and the flange 16 for bolting the carbureter tothe corresponding flange '17 of the engine intake.

18 is a-fuel supply/ and float chamber from which thefioat valve chamber 19, and

needle valve chamber 20 open. 21 is a float which is connected-to a lever 22 by means of the slotted post '23 and pini2a. 25 is'an adjustable fulcrum post forlever 22, 26 and 27 are similar float valves, each having a circumferential groove 28, on its stem for the reception of one end of the equalizing lever 29. One end of lever 22. is bifurcated so that equalizing lever-29 may stand in the slot30 so formed. The rising and falling of the float causes both valves to close and open.

31- is a fuel pipe shown as a metal casting comprising the fuel heating chamber or passage 32 which surrounds the heater pipe 14;

the hub 33 which is bolted to a corresponding projection 20 on needle valve chamber 20;.and the arm 34'which connects the fuel pipe/3'1 with hub I Specification of Letters Patent.- Patented J 11116 26, 19 17.

3.5 isa threaded bolt which secures 33 to.

34. 35 is drilled axially toform a seat for the needle valve 36 and an outlet for the passage of the fuel from the fuel supply chamber 18 to the heating chamber 32 and 35 is also drilled transtorpermit fuel to enter the P ssage 39 in arm 34 on {its way from the needle valve t0v thefuel heating chamber. I make no claim in this application for the float-valve mechanism herein described and shown in the drawings as it'forms the subject matter of my copending divisional application, Serial Number 166,356, filed May 4', 1917;

- 40 is an electric heating coil which surtery 43, the generator 44, or both.

rounds the fuel pipe 31. 41 and 42 are the wires connecting the coil 40 to the source of current which may be either the storage bat- When desired, the coil 10 may be connected to a primary battery. In Fig. 7 I have shown the electrical connections which I prefer to use. In this diagram, the coil 40 is controlled by theswitch 15 and the generator 41 is connected to the battery and coil circuits by'the switch -16. lVhen starting the engine, the generator 4-1 may, when properly wound and connected, be used as a motorfor cranking purposes. The switches $5 and 46 may be located within convenient reach of the operator. If desired, the heat-,

ing coil may be connected in series with the starting motor, orit may be connected in multiple therewith and both be controlled by the same switch, as will be apparent to those skilled in the electrical arts.

The lower end of heater pipe 14 is flanged at *7 and secured to the fuel pipe casting 31 making a gas tight joint therewith, by means of the coupling 48 and nipple -19. 50 is any convenient pipe connection for conducting away the exhaust gases or the hot water from the engine jacket either of which may bepassed through the heater pipe ll.

The upper end of heater pipe 14 is packed against leakage by means of the packing 51,

preferably of asbestos, the gland 52, and the nut and pipe connection 53.

To prevent injury to. the air intake valve 3 in case of back pressure in the intake passages, by reason of back-firing or other causes, I provide the relief valve 12, held normally closed by the spring 54 acting between the valve 12. and the bracket 51 which is secured to the body casting 1 by the screws 55, 55.

ling the outlet of the mixture of fuel and air from the mixing chamber 4.

.The centering support 13 consists of a.

ring cast as a hub to the ribs or spokes 15, 15 which form a stop for the opening of the air inlet valve.

The air inlet valve 3 consists of a series of concentric plates or truncated cones 3, 3*, 3, 3 each seated upon the next smaller, the smallest one being seated upon the top of the fuel pipe 31 adjacent to the fuel inlet or orifice 57 which is formed at the top of the fuel heating chamber 32 surrounding the heater of the distance the valve has opened, and insures a practically constant velocity of the incoming air as it passes the fuel nozzle. IVhen the engine is running slowly, all four of the laminae -3, 3 3 and 3", of valve 3, together with weight 58 will be lifted away from the top of the fuel pipe 31 until the suction caused by the pistons balances the combined weight of the valve 3, and the weight 58, or, the smaller lamina 3*, strikes the valve stop 15. As the speed of the engine increases, sufiicient suction will be produced to lift the three remaining laminzc 3*, 3, 3, and weight 58 simultaneously away from lamina 3, and they will in turn be held in balanced suspension or will rise until lamina 3 strikes valve-stop 15.

gine speed will result in the lifting of laniinae 3 and 3, in turn.

By proportioning the relative weights and areas of the valvular laminae 3, 3", 3 and 3, and the weight of 58, the velocity of the air passing thenozzle orifice and the valve 3 may be varied as desired. For instance, assuming the engine running and the valve 3 open to the extent that lamina 3 is just striking'the'valve stop 15, then, if the effective area of the valve made up of laminae 3", 3 and 3 be relatively small in pro portion to the weight they support, lamina 3 will not leave its seat until the suction of the pistons, and the velocity of the air through the valve 3 have increased. Other desired, a constant opening of the innerv and smaller lamina 3, may be maintained by means of spacers 63, as shown in Fig. 8. In Fig. 2. the valve 3 is shown at full opening with all the laminaeagainst stop 15. 56 is the customary throttle valve control- It will be seen that the air which carries the fuel into the mixing chamber 4 is confined to the relatively small passage between the heater pipe 14, and the cylindrical portion of lamina 3, where it will become very hot and intimately mixed before combining with the air entering between the other laminae. The entire charge of air and fuel will subsequently become thoroughly mixed in mixing chamber 4 and absorb further heat from heater pipe 14 and the walls of the mixing chamber which are in proximity to and are heated by heater pipe 14.

In Figs. 6 and 6, I have shown the means I prefer to employ to keep the laminae central with the heater pipe and with each other. At a number of points 6] g, &c., in the cylindrical portions, the metal is slit and bent into radial projections so as to bear upon the adjacent laminae, thus holding themcentral and in axial alinement.

In Fig. 5, is shown an adjustable fuel inlet, in which the size of the inlet 57 may be altered as desired. In this construction the end of the fuel pipe 31 is threaded and has screwed upon itthe ring 59, and lock nut 60. The end-of ring 59 isbored with aconical hole corresponding with the exter- In Fig. 1 are shown 'thefuel supply pipe connections which I prefer to use and which 90"is a threaded; plug or nipple which forms the valve seat.

will now be described.

for the float valve 26.. 91 is a holebored in 90for thereceptionof a strainer or filtering material, such, for instance, as abs sorbent cotton. 92 is a coupling. 93' is a packing nipple. 94, 9d and 95 are fittings,

leading to the fuel supply pipe 96. 97 is a threaded plug forming a guide'for the float. valve stem. 98, 98 are'screws for holding the float cover chamber inplace.

It will be understood that while I show,

two float valves controlled bya single float, I do not limit the scope of my present invention to such construction but may employ a single float valve and, fuel supply pipe and any well known form "of float and portant feature of my carbureter as the in coming fuel which is progressively heated float valve.

I I am awarethat carbureters having fuel heating chambers and heater pipes extending through them have been previously proposed, but in those with which I am familiar the heater pipe does not pass directly through the fuel inlet or orifice as for instance my heater pipe, 14, passes through my fuel inlet or orifice, 57. This is an imby contact with the heater pipe as it passes through the fuel heating chamber continues to receiveheat from the heater pipe While passing through the fuel inlet or orificeto the mixing chamber.

By my arrangement of the fuel heating chamber, the heater pipe, and electric heating coil, the entering air and fuel are 'so heated thatthey reach the highest temperatures which they attain before entering the mixing chamber, as they are about to pass through the air and fuel inlets and mingle in the mixing chamber.

I therefore particularly point out anddistinctly claim as my'invention:

1. In a carbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber, having an air inlet, a fuel inlet, and a mixture outlet, a heater pipe extending through the mixing chamber, the air inlet and the fuel inlet, and an air, inlet valve adjacent to the fuel inlet, adapted to deflect the incoming air across said fuel in;

. let against said heater pipe.

2. In a carbureter, a mixing chamber, an

. annular fuel'inlet, an annular air inlet, one

inlet surrounding the other, a valve for the chamber, a fuel pipe surrounding the heater .pipewlthln the air inlet, forming a fuel heating chamber also surrounding the heater pipe, the fuel heating chamber having an annular orifice surrounding the heater pipe and forming a fuel. inlet to the mixing chamber, and an annular air inlet valve clos- 1 ing the air inlet and having its seat upon 1 the fuel pipe i 4. In a carbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having an annular fuel inlet, an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet, and a mixture outlet, and a plurality of successively-opening concentric valves, controlling the admission of air through the air inlet to the mixing chamber. v 5. Ina carbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having an annular fuel inlet, an airinlet surrounding the fuel inlet and a mixture outlet, a plurality of successively-opening concentric valves controlling the admission of air through the air'inlet to the mixing chamber, and'means for closing said valves exerting a pressure on all the the mixing chamber, and means for limiting 10 5 the opening of said valves holding them fall 7 open under suction action.

7. In a carbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet, an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet, and a mix ture outlet, and aplurality of successively opening concentric valves controlling the admission of air through the air inlet to the mixing chamber, the smallest valve being seated upon the wall of the fuel inlet, and each of the remaining valves being seated upon the next preceding valve.

8. In a carbureter,'a casing provided with a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet, an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet, and a mixvalves controlling the. admission of air through the air inletto the mixing chamber.

9. In a carbureter,a casing provided with a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet, an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet, and a mix ture outlet, a heater pipe extending through the mixing chamber, the a1r lnlet andthe 3 I fuel inlet, and a valve seated upon the wall of the fuel inlet, controlling the admission of air through the air inlet to the mixing chamber.

. 10. In a carbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet, an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet, and a mixture outlet; two concentric, successively-opening. ammlar valves controlling the admission of air through the air inlet to the mixing chamber, the smaller one of said concentric valves being provided with a tubular extension rising from it and extending into the mixing chamber beyond said fuel inlet and means for arresting the valves in open position.

11. In a ca rbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet and an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet and also a mixture outlet; a plurality of concentric, suceessively-opening, annular valves controlling the admission of air through the air inlet to the mixing chamber, each of these valves being provided with a tubular extension rising from it and extending into the mixing chamber beyond said fuel inlet; and means for successively arresting the valves in open position.

12. In a carbureter, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having a fuel inlet and an air inlet surrounding the fuel inlet and also a mixture outlet; a plurality of c ncentric, successively-opening, annular. valves controlling the admission of air through the air inlet to the mixing chamber, each of these valves being provided with a tubular extension rising from it and extending into the mixing chamber beyond said fuel inlet; and means for arresting the valves in succession in open position, the arresting of the innermost valve occurring first, for the purposes herein set forth.

13. In a carbureter, a mixing chamber, an annular fuel inlet and an annular air inlet, one inlet surrounding the other, a plurality of successively-opening concentric valves controlling the admission of air through the inlet to the mixing chamber, and means for successively arresting the valves all in open position.

14. In a carburetor, a casing provided with a mixing chamber having an annular fuel inlet, and an annular air inlet, one inlet surrounding the other, a plurality of successively opening concentric valves controlling the admission of air through the inlet to the mixing chamber, said valves being overlapped upon each other, and means for successively arresting the valves all in open position.

15. In a carbureter, a mixing chamber, an annular fuel inlet, an annular air inlet, one inlet surrounding the other, a valve for the air inlet, a heater for the inner inlet and another heater for the outer inlet, whereby both the fuel and the air will be heated on the way to the mixing chamber.

16. In a carbureter, the combination of a mixing chamber, a heater extending therethrough consisting of an exhaust pipe, two concentric inlets around said exhaust pipe at the inlet side of the mixing chamber, the fuel inlet being adjacent the exhaust pipe, another heating device located in the air inlet and surrounding the fuel inlet, whereby both the fuel and the air are heated on the way to the mixing chamber, and a valve for the air inlet located between the exterior heater and the mixing chamber.

17. In a carbureter, the combination of a mixing chamber, means forming an air inlet and also a fuel inlet for the mixing chamber, these inlets being arranged one within the other, an exhaust pipe for directly heating the inner inlet, and another heating means for directly heating the outer inlet, and a valve located between the heater for the air inlet and the mixing chamber.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANK L. SESSIONS. \Vitnesses J. R. Co'rxnrsn, GEOFFREY SUTCLIFFE. 

